-
1 ἐξάπτω
A fasten from or (as we say) to, πεῖσμα νεὸς.. κίονος ἐξάψας μεγάλης having fastened it to a pillar, Od.22.466, cf. Il.24.51;ἐ. τι χροός E. Tr. 1220
;τὴν πόλιν τοῦ Πειραιῶς Plu.Them.19
;ἐ. τι ἔκ τινος Hdt.4.64
;ἀπό τινος X.Cyn.10.7
; alsoἐ. ἐκ τοῦ νηοῦ σχοινίον ἐς τὸ τεῖχος Hdt.1.26
; :— [voice] Pass., περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐξῆμμαι πηνίκην τινά I have a wig fastened on my head, Id.Fr. 898 (s.v.l.).2 metaph., ἐ. στόματος λιτάς let prayers fall from one's mouth, E.Or. 383; τῆς τύχης ἐ. τὰ πραττόμενα consider actions as dependent upon chance, Plu.Sull.6; ἐ. τὴν διαδοχὴν τῶν ἀξίων λόγου continue the narrative, D.L.8.50; ἐξαμμένος ἐκ σώματος dependent on it, Ti.Locr.102e.3 ἐ. τινί τι place upon,ἱκετηρίαν γόνασιν E.IA 1216
;κόσμον νεκρῷ Id.Tr. 1208
; (lyr.).II [voice] Med., hang by, cling to, πάντες ἐξάπτεσθε all hang on, Il.8.20; ἐ. τῆς οὐραγίας, τῆς πορείας, hang on the enemy's rear, on his line of march, Plb.4.11.6,3.51.2; τῶν πολεμίων, τῆς μάχης, D.S.11.17,13.10;τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἐ.
attend to..,Plu.
Them. 31;τοῦ πολέμου D.H.6.25
; cling to an authority, Plu.2.1111f.2 hang a thing to oneself, carry it suspended about one, wear,κώδωνας D.25.90
;πέπλους χροός E.Hel. 1186
; ; also ἐ. ναῦς fasten them to one's own ship, take in tow, D.S.14.74; ἐ. τοὺς ἐραστάς have them hanging about one, Philostr.VA8.7.6, cf. Luc.Am.11.B [voice] Act. also, set fire to, [ ὕλαν] Ti.Locr.97e, cf. Thphr.HP9.8.6, App.Hisp.5.II kindle, inflame,πόλεμον Ael.NA12.35
;πυρετόν Gal.6.240
; of love, Chor. in Rh.Mus.49.495; νόσημα aggravate, Id. in Hermes17.234:—[voice] Pass.,πῦρ ἐ. ἐκ λίθων Arist.PA 655a15
; ὑπὸ φιλοσοφίας ὥσπερ πυρός to be inflamed by.., Pl.Ep. 340b; αὖθις οὐκ -ονται they are not rekindled (like Heraclitus' sun), Id.R. 498b;ὑπ' ὀργῆς ἐξαφθέντες D.H.5.38
;πόλεμος ἐξήφθη Str.9.3.8
; are turned to flame,M.Ant.
4.21. -
2 ἄχρι
I Adv. to the uttermost, τένοντε ;ἀπὸ δ' ὀστέον ἄχρις ἄραξε 16.324
, cf. 17.599.2 after Hom., before Preps.,ἄχρι εἰς Κοτύωρα X.An.5.5.4
;ἄ. ἐς ποταμόν Tab.Heracl.1.17
; ἄχρι πρὸς τὸν σκοπόν, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, Luc.Nigr.36, Herm.24;ἄχρις ἐπ' ἄκνηστιν A.R.4.1403
;ἐπ' ὀστέον IG12(7).115.9
([place name] Amorgos);ἄχρι ἐπὶ πολὺ τῶν πλευρῶν Thphr.Char.19.3
;ἄχρις ἐς ἠῶ Q.S.6.177
;ἄχρι ὑπὸ τὴν πυγήν Luc.DMort.27.4
: less freq. after the Noun,ἐς τέλος ἄχρις Q.S.2.617
, cf. Nonn.D.5.153, etc.: rarely c. acc.,ἄχρι.. θρόνον ἦλθεν IG14.2012
(Sulp. Max.): with an Adv., ἄχρι πόρρω still farther, Luc.Am.12;ἄχρι δεῦρο S.E.M.8.401
.II Prep. with gen., even to, as far as,1 of Time, until, ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος until deep in the night, Od.18.370;ἄχρι τῆς τήμερον ἡμέρας D.9.28
;ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἄχρι τῆς τελευτῆς Id.18.179
;ἄχρι γήρως Apollod.Com.2
; ἄχρι δὲ τούτου until then, Sol.13.35;ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν Timostr.1
, Ep.Rom.8.22;ἄχρι νῦν Luc. Tim.39
, LXX Ge.44.28; continually,Plu.
Cic.6.2 of Space, as far as, even to,ἄχρι τῆς ἐσόδου τοῦ ἱροῦ Hdt.2.138
(who elsewh. has μέχρι); ἄ. τῆς ὁδοῦ IG12.893
;ἄ. τῆς πυλίδος SIG2587.25
;ἄ. τοῦ Πειραιῶς D.18.301
;ἔδακνεν ἄχρι τῆς καρδίας Com.Adesp.475
;ἄχρις ἥπατος Ti.Locr.101a
, cf. 100e;ἄχρι τῆς πόλεως D.H.2.43
;ἄ. τοῦ δεῦρο Gal.10.676
: after its case,ἰνίου ἄχρις Euph.41
.3 of Measure or Degree, ἄχρι τούτου up to this point, D.23.122;ἄχρι τοῦ μὴ πεινῆν X.Smp.4.37
;ἄχρι τοῦ θορυβῆσαι D.8.77
;ἄ. θανάτου Act.Ap. 22.4
; ἄχρι τῆς πρὸς τὸν πλησίον δοξοκοπίας Polystr.p.19 W.III as Conj., ἄχρι, ἄχρις with or without οὗ,1 of Time, until, so long as,ἄχρι οὗ ὅδε ὁ λόγος ἐγράφετο X.HG6.4.37
;ἄχρις ὅτου Epigr.Gr.314.24
([place name] Smyrna); ἄχρι οὗ ἄν or ἄχρι ἄν with Subj., ἄχρι ἂν σχολάσῃ till he should be at leisure, X.An.2.3.2;ἄχρις οὗ ἂν δοκέῃ Hp.Fist.3
;ἄχρις ἂν αἱ ἡμέραι παρέλθωσιν Id.Int.40
; ἄχρι ἂν ἔχῃ τὸ ἴδιον ἐντελές [ἡ ἱστορία] Luc.Hist.Conscr.9: withoutἄν, ἄχρις ῥεύσῃ Bion 1.47
; ἄχρι οὗ τελευτήσῃ (v.l. -σει) Hdt.1.117;ἄχρι οὗ ἐπιλάμψῃ Plu.Aem.17
; ἄχρι ἄν, c.inf., Epist.Mithr. in SIG741.37: c. inf. only,ἄχρις ἱκέσθαι ὀστέον Q.S.4.361
.2 of Space, so far as,διώξας, ἄχρι οὗ ἀσφαλὲς ᾤετο εἶναι X.Cyr.5.4.16
: c. subj.,αὐξάνεται εἰς μῆκος, ἄχρι οὗ δὴ ἐφίκηται τοῦ ἡλίου Thphr.HP5.1.8
; cf. μέχρι throughout. —[dialect] Ep. poets use ἄχρι or ἄχρις, as the metre requires: in [dialect] Ion. μέχρι is preferred (v. supr.): but ἄχρι, -ις are more common in Hom. than μέχρι: the only [dialect] Att. forms are ἄχρι, μέχρι, before both consonants and vowels, cf. Phryn.6, Moer.34; and so in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. (where it is somewhat less freq. than μέχρι): ἄχρι ἄν with hiatus in IG2.2729, Hegesipp.Com.1.26; but .—Never in Trag. (ἄχρι, = ṃṃ-χρι, cf. μέχρι.) -
3 σύν
σύν [pron. full] [ῠ], old [dialect] Att. [full] ξύν; [dialect] Boeot. [full] σούν IG7.3171.39 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot., iii B.C.): Prep. with dat. (rarely c. gen., σ. τῶν ἐν αὺτῷ νεκρῶν Mitteis Chr.129.23 (ii B.C.);Aσ. ἡρώων IPE2.383
([place name] Phanagoria); σ. γυναικός ib.301 ([place name] Panticapaeum), cf. Ostr.240.5 (ii A.D.), PLond.1.113 iv 19 (vi A.D.)):—with. The form ξύν rarely occurs in Hom., though it is not rare in compds. even when not required by the metre, as in ξυνέαξα, ξυνοχῇσιν, ξύμβλητο, ξύμπαντα; Hes. also uses ξύμπας, ξυνιέναι; in [dialect] Ion. verse we findξύν Thgn.1063
(butσύν Id.50
), Sol. 19.3 (perh. old Attic), butσύν Archil.4
, cf. ξυνωνίη, συνίημι; in early [dialect] Ion. Prose (including Inscrr., cf. SIG1.2 (Abu Simbel, vi B.C.), 167.37 (Mylasa, iv B.C.), etc.) ξύν is only found inξυνίημι Heraclit.51
, Democr.95 (cf. ἀξύνετος, ἀξυνεσίη, ξύνεσις), and in the phrase ξὺν νῷ ( νόῳ codd.) Heraclit.114, Democr.35; Hdt. has only σύν, and in codd. Hp. ξύν has weaker authority than σύν (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein); in the late Ionic of Aret., ξύν prevails over σύν; in [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. it is rare,ξυνοίκην Sapph.75
;ξυναλίαξε Ar.Lys.93
; elsewh. [dialect] Dor. σύν, Leg.Gort. 5.6, IG9(1).334.47 ([dialect] Locr., v B.C.), etc.; but in old [dialect] Att. Inscrr. ξύν is the only form up to 500 B.C.; σύν appears in v B.C. and becomes usual towards the end; after 378 B.C. ξύν survives only in the formula γνώμην δὲ ξυμβάλλεσθαι κτλ.; the phrase ξὺν νῷ is found in Ar.Nu. 580, Pl.Cri. 48c, Men. 88b, R. 619b (); otherwise, of [dialect] Att. Prose writers Th. alone uses the preposition ξύν, Antipho and Lysias have ξυν- a few times in compds.; codd. Pl. have both ξυν- (Lg. 930a, al.) and συν-; in Antipho Soph.Oxy.1364, Aristox., Arr., Ael., and Anon.Rhythm. ξυν- is very freq.; in Trag. both forms occur. The Prep. σύν gradually gave way to μετά with gen., so that whereas A. has 67 examples of σύν to 8 of μετά with gen., the proportions in Th. are 400 of μετά to 37 of σύν, in D. 346 of μετά to 15 of σύν, and in Arist. 300 of μετά to 8 of σύν: for these and other statistics see C. J. T. Mommsen, Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen (Frankfurt 1886-95): in [dialect] Att. Prose and Com. σύν is restricted for the most part to signf. 8, 9 and a few phrases, such as σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοις; Xenophon uses it freely, having 556 examples to 275 of μετά; in Pap., NT, and later Prose its use is much less restricted (v. infr.).1 in company with, together with,δεῦρό ποτ' ἤλυθε.. σ. Μενελάῳ Il.3.206
;ξ. παιδὶ.. πύργῳ ἐφεστήκει 6.372
;σ. τοῖσδε ὑπέκφυγον Od.9.286
;καταφθίσθαι σ. ἐκείνῳ 2.183
;ἀπελαύνειν σ. τῷ στρατῷ Hdt.8.101
;ἐπαιδεύετο σ. τῷ ἀδελφῷ X.An.1.9.2
;σ. αὐτῷ σταυροῦσι δύο λῃστάς Ev.Marc.15.27
;οὐδένα ἔχω σ. ἐμοί PSI10.1161.12
(iv A.D.).2 with collat. notion of help or aid, σ. θεῷ with God's help or blessing, as God wills, Il.9.49;σ. σοί, πότνα θεά Od.13.391
;πέμψον δέ με σ. γε θεοῖσιν Il.24.430
, cf. 15.26;σ. θεῷ φυτευθεὶς ὄλβος Pi.N.8.17
; σ. θεῷ εἰρημένον spoken as by inspiration, Hdt.1.86;σ. θεῷ δ' εἰρήσεται Ar.Pl. 114
;σ. θεῷ εἰπεῖν Pl.Tht. 151b
, Prt. 317b;ξ. θεοῖς Th.1.86
; so σ. δαίμονι, σ. Ἀθήνῃ καὶ Διί, Il.11.792, 20.192;σ. Χαρίτεσσιν Pi.N.9.54
, cf. P.9.2;ξ. τῷ θεῷ πᾶς καὶ γελᾷ κὠδύρεται S.Aj. 383
; also θεοῦ σ. παλάμᾳ, σ. θεοῦ τύχᾳ, Pi.O.10(11).21, N.6.24: generally, of personal cooperation, σ. σοὶ φραζέσθω let him consult with you, Il.9.346;λοχησάμενος σ. ἑταίρῳ Od.13.268
; ξ. τῇ βουλῇ in consultation with the Council, IG12.63.17; σ. τινὶ μάχεσθαι fight at his side, X.Cyr.5.3.5, cf. HG4.1.34; σ. τινὶ εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι to be with another, i.e.on his side, of his party, Id.An.3.1.21, Smp.5.10; οἱ σ. αὐτῷ his friends, followers, Id.An.1.2.15, cf. Act.Ap.14.4, etc.3 furnished with, endued with,σ. μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν Od.24.193
;πόλιν θεοδμάτῳ σ. ἐλευθερίᾳ ἔκτισσε Pi.P.1.61
.4 of things that belong, or are attached, to a person, σ. νηΐ or σ. νηυσί, i.e. on board ship, Il.1.389, 179, etc.; σ. νηυσὶν ἀλαπάξαι, opp. πεζός, 9.328 (so in Prose,σ. ναυσὶ προσπλεῖν X.HG2.2.7
, etc.);σ. ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν Il.5.219
; esp. of arms,μιν κατέκηε σ. ἔντεσι 6.418
;στῆ δ' εὐρὰξ σ. δουρί 15.541
; ἀντιβίην or ἀντίβιον σ. ἔντεσι or σ. τεύχεσι πειρηθῆναι, 5.220, 11.386;σ. ἔντεσι μάρνασθαι 13.719
;σκῆπτρον, σ. τῷ ἔβη 2.47
; ἄγγελος ἦλθε.. σ. ἀγγελίῃ ib. 787; ς. (or ξ.)ὅπλοις Th.2.2
, al., Pl.Lg. 947c, Aen.Tact.17.1; ς. (or ξ.)τοῖς ὅπλοις Th.2.90
, 4.14, Hell.Oxy. 10.1, Pl.Lg. 763a, Aen.Tact.11.8;σ. ἐγχειριδίοις Hell.Oxy.10.2
;ξ. ξιφιδίῳ καὶ θώρακι Th.3.22
;ξ. ἑνὶ ἱματίῳ Id.2.70
; in some such cases ς. is little more than expletive, as σ. τεύχεσι θωρηχθέντες ll.8.530, etc.: with αὐτός (cf.αὐτός 1.5
), chiefly in Hom.,ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σ. φόρμιγγι Il.9.194
, cf. 14.498;αὐτῷ σ. τε λίνῳ καὶ ῥήγεϊ Od.13.118
.5 of things accompanying, or of concurrent circumstances,ἄνεμος σ. λαίλαπι Il.17.57
, cf. Od.12.408; of coincidence in time,ἄκρᾳ σ. ἑσπέρᾳ Pi.P.11.10
; καιρῷ σ. ἀτρεκεῖ ib.8.7;σ. τῷ Χρόνῳ προϊόντι X.Cyr.8.7.6
; in the course of,κείνῳ σ. ἄματι B.10.23
, cf. 125, Pi.Fr. 123.6 of necessary connexion or consequence, σὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτεῖσαι to pay with a great loss, i.e. suffer greatly, Il.4.161; δημοσίῳ σ. κακῷ with loss to the public, Thgn.50; σ. τῷ σῷ ἀγαθῷ to your advantage, X.Cyr.3.1.15; ὤλοντο.. σὺν μιάς ματι with pollution, S.Ant. 172; to denote agreement, in accordance with,σ. τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ καλῷ X.An.2.6.18
;σ. δίκᾳ Pi.P.9.96
;σ. κόσμῳ Hdt.8.86
, Arist.Mu. 398b23;σ. τάχει S.El. 872
, etc.7 of the instrument or means, with the help of, by means of,σ. ἐλαίῳ φαρμακώσαισα Pi.P.4.221
;διήλλαχθε σ. σιδάρῳ A.Th. 885
(lyr.);πλοῦτον ἐκτήσω ξ. αἰχμῇ Id.Pers. 755
(troch.);ἡ [τῶν φίλων] κτῆσίς ἐστιν οὐδαμῶς σ. τῇ βίᾳ X.Cyr.8.7.13
;ξ. ἐπαίνῳ Th.1.84
.8 including,κεφάλαιον σ. ἐπωνίοις IG12.329.5
, cf. 22.1388.85, 1407.12, al.;τοῦ Πειραιῶς ξ. Μουνυχίᾳ Th.2.13
, cf. 4.124, 5.26, 74, 7.42, 8.90, 95; δισχίλιαι γάρ εἰσι (sc. δραχμαὶ)σ. ταῖς Νικίου Ar.Fr. 100
;ἀνήλωσα σ. τῇ τῆς σκευῆς ἀναθέσει ἑκκαίδεκα μνᾶς Lys.21.4
, cf. 2;αἶγας ἀπέδοτο σ. τῷ αἰπόλῳ τριῶν καὶ δέκα μνῶν Is.6.33
, cf. 8.8,35, 11.42,46, Aeschin. 2.162, D.19.155, 27.23,al., Arist.HA 525b15,17, Ath.19.6, Hipparch. 1.1.9, al., PSI10.1124.14 (ii A.D.).9 excluding, apart from, plus, ἓξ ἐμοὶ σ. ἑβδόμῳ six with (but not including) me the seventh, A. Th. 283;αἱ γὰρ καμπαὶ τέτταρες, ἢ δύο σ. τοῖς πτερυγίοις Arist.HA 490a32
;σ. τοῖς ἀρχαίοις τὸν οἶκον ἐκ τῶν προσόδων μείζω ποιῆσαι D. 27.61
;τὴν ἐφαπτίδα σ. τῇ σακκοπήρᾳ ἐν ᾗ ἐνῆν
together with..,PEnteux.
32.7, cf. 89.9 (iii B.C.);οἱ γραμματεῖς σ. τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις Ev.Luc.20.1
, cf. Ep.Gal.5.24.B POSITION:— σύν sts. follows its case, Il.10.19, Od.9.332, 15.410. It freq. stands between Adj. and Subst., as Od.11.359, Il.9.194, etc.; more rarely between Subst. and Adj., Od.13.258, Pi.P. 8.7.2 freq. in tmesis in Hom., as Il.23.687, Od.14.296, etc.3 in late Gr. σὺν καὶ c. dat.,στεφανηφορήσας σ. καὶ Αὐρ. Ἰάσονι IG12(7).259
(Amorgos, iii A.D.), cf. Supp.Epigr.4.535 (Ephesus, ii/iii A.D.), Rev.Phil.50.11 (Sardis, i/iii A.D.), CPR26.16 (ii A.D.); cf. infr. c. 2.C σύν AS ADV., together, at once,κενεὰς σ. Χεῖρας ἔχοντες Od.10.42
; mostly folld. by δέ or τε, σ. δὲ πτερὰ πυκνὰ λίασθεν Il.23.879
;σ. τε δύ' ἐρχομένω 10.224
(cf. σύνδυο); ξ. τε διπλοῖ βασιλῆς S.Aj. 960
(lyr.). It is sts. hard to distinguish this from tmesis, e.g. in Il.23.879; so ξὺν κακῶς ποιεῖν is = Ξυγκακοποιεῖν in Th.3.13. In Old Testament Gr. it is sts. used to translate the Hebr. 'ēth (particle prefixed to the definite accus.) through confusion with the Prep. 'ēth 'with',ἐμίσησα σὺν τὴν ζωήν LXXEc.2.17
; οὐκ ἐμνήσθη σ. τοῦ ἀνδρός ib.9.15; , etc.2 besides, also,σ. δὲ πλουτίζειν ἐμέ A.Ag. 586
;σ. δ' αὔτως ἐγώ S.Ant. 85
, etc.;σ. δ' ἐγὼ παρών Id.Aj. 1288
, cf. El. 299;Δίρκα τε.. σ. τ' Ἀσωπιάδες κόραι E.HF 785
(lyr.); in later Poetryσ. καί A.R.1.74
, Herod.4.3, Nic.Th.8, D.P.843 (also in late Prose, Ath.2.49a; cf. supr. B. 3).D IN COMPOS.I with, along with, together, at the same time, hence of any kind of union, connexion, or participation in a thing, and metaph. of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a trans. Verb σύν may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as συγκατακτείνειν may mean kill one person as well as another, or, join with another in killing.2 of the completion of an action, altogether, completely, as inσυνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2
, συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμνω; sts., therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word.3 joined with numerals, σύνδυο two together, which sense often becomes distributive, by twos, two and two; so σύντρεις, σύμπεντε, etc., like Lat. bini, terni, etc.II σύν in Compos., before β μ π φ ψ, becomes συμ-; before γ κ ξ Χ, συγ-; before λ συλ-; before ς usu. συς-; but becomes συ- before ς followed by a conson. (e.g. συστῆναι), before ζ, and perh. sts. before ξ. In a poet. passage, ap.Pl.Phdr. 237a, we have ξύμ alone in tmesi, ξύμ μοι λάβεσθε for συλλάβεσθέ μοι; cf.ὅτε ξὺμ πρῶτ' ἐφύοντο Emp.95
: in Inscrr. and Papyri these assimilations are freq. not found.
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